The Microbiology of Cooling Water

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Description

ISBN-13/EAN: 9780820602530
Author: James W. McCoy
Chemical Publishing
Book - Hardback
Pub Date: Sep 10, 1980
272 Pages

Features

McCoy's guide to the maintenance and management of cooling water systems and the bacteria that live in them.

Includes studies and testing of microbicides and other microorganisms that infest re-circulating cooling water systems and factors influencing their health and growth. Tests biological oxidation processes as a way of reusing treated effluents as an important method of water conservation in the petroleum refining and chemical processing industries.

Explores practical methods for controlling microorganisms in cooling water; including working with chlorine dioxide as a microbicide. Methods are given for identifying and evaluating toxicants and bacteria that lead to fouling and staining of cooling water systems.

Contents:

Chapter I. Microorganisms in Cooling Water

1. Bacteria
1.1 Classification and Structure
1.2 Metabolism and Growth
2. Algae
2.1 Classification and Structure
2.2 Metabolism and Growth
3. Fungi
3.1 Classification and Structure
3.2 Metabolism and Growth
4. Higher Form

Chapter II. Effects of Microorganisms in Cooling Systems

1. Nutritional Requirements
2. Bacteria
2.1 The Formation of Slime
2.2 Degradation of Cellulose
2.3 Corrosion and Odors
3. Algae
4. Fungi

Chapter III. The Microbial Community

1. Factors Affecting Populations
2. Growth Rates

Chapter IV. The Microbiology of Reclaimed Water

1. The Activated Sludge Process
2. The Rotating Biological Contactor
3. Waste Stabilization Ponds
4. The Biodegradability of Organic Microbicides
5. Biological Oxidation of Phenols in Cooling Systems
6. Treated Effluent as Make-Up for Cooling Systems
7. Concentration Relationships in Recycled Blowdown

Chapter V. The Control of Microorganisms

1. Microbicides and Their Mode of Action
1.1 Oxidizing Agents
1.2 Enzyme Poisons
1.3 Toxicants That Disrupt the Cell and Cytoplasm
1.4 Miscellaneous Microbicides
2. Chemical Structure and Toxicity of Microbicides
2.1 Oxidizing Agents
2.2 Enzyme Poisons
2.3 Toxicants That Attack the Cell Walls
3. Evaluation of Microbicides
4. Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Microbicides
5. Special Considerations
.5.1 Safety Precautions in Handling Microbicides
5.2 Preservation of Wood in Cooling Towers
5.3 Reactions Between Biocides and Water-Treating Chemicals

Chapter VI. Systematic Application of Microbicides

1. The Microbiology of Surfaces
2. Dispersants, Flocculants, and Surfactants
3. Evaluation of Treatments
3.1 Viable Plate Counts
3.2 Membrane Filter Counts
3.3 Direct Counts
3.4 Bioluminescence Counting
3.5 Age of Samples
3.6 Microbiological Analyses
4. Effect of Blowdown Rate on Microorganisms
5. Systematic Dosage and Treatment
5.1 Gaining Microbiological Control
5.2 Routine Treatment with Nonoxidizing Microbicides
5.3 Quantitative Evaluation of Selected Microbicides
5.4 Chlorination
5.5 Flocculant-Surfactant-Chlorine Dioxide Program
6. Effective Application of Recommended Microbicides

Chapter VII. Microorganisms in Contaminated Water

1. Influence of Contaminants on Microbiological Growth
2. Common Contaminants and Their Effects
2.1 Dirt
2.2 Hydrocarbons
2.3 Edible Oils
2.4 Nitrogen Compounds
2.5 Alkanolamines
2.6 Hydrogen Sulfide
2.7 Glycols
3. Specific Treatments for Contaminated Systems
3.1 Petroleum Products
3.2 Mononuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
3.3 Alkanolamines
3.4 Hydrogen Sulfide
3.5 Ammonia

Chapter VIII. Optical Microscopy

1. Methods
1.1 Wet Slides
1.2 Staining Bacteria
2. Examination and Identification of Fouling Material
2.1 Direct Microscopic Examination
2.2 Examination After Staining
2.3 Plate Counts
2.4 Determination of Total Protein

Chapter IX. Microbiological Analysis

1. Anaerobic Bacteria -- Qualitative Test
2. Viable Plate Count
3. Autotrophic Bacteria Count
4. Fungus Count
5. Evaluation of Toxicants

Chapter X. Chemical Methods of Analysis

1. Determination of Selected Biocides
1.1 Chlorine
1.2 Cationic Surfactants
1.3 Pentachlorophenol
1.4 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
2. Determination of Alkanolamines and Ammonia
2.1 Alkanolamines
2.2 Ammonia
3. Determination of Protein in Fouling Deposits
4. Assay of Cationic Surfactant Formulations

Appendix I. Glossary of Terms Used in Microbiology
Appendix II. Questionnaire for Operators of Cooling Systems
Appendix III. Numerical Problems

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